Marina Tsetaeva (1892 - 1941)

Chronology

1892	Marina born Moscow 8 Oct 1892, on Tryokhprudny Lane
1894	Sister Anastasia (Asya) born (1894-1993!)
1902	Mother suffers from tubercolosis, family lives at a hotel in Nervi, Italy
1903	Marina and Asya at Pensionat Lacaze, Switzerland
1904	Marina and Asya at Brink boarding school, Freiburg, Germany
1905	Family returns to Yalta, Crimea
1906	First Revolution in Moscow Family lives at the dacha in Tarusa. Mother dies, return to Moscow
1909	Marina translates Rostand's L'Aiglon, infatuation with Sarah Bernhardt Studies French in Paris: V. O. Nilender, infatuation with Napoleon
1910	Finishes High School, Summer with Asya in Dresden Publication of Evening Album, Meets Maksimilian Voloshin
1911	First Summer in Koktebel: meets Sergey (Seryozha) Efron
1912	January, marries Sergey Efron Honeymoon in Italy, France, and Germany Father Ivan Tsvetaev opens Emperor Alexander III Fine Arts Museum, Moscow Asya's son Andrey born August, September, Marina's daughter Ariadne (Alya) Efron born They move to 6 Borisoglebsky Lane
1913	Summer-Winter, Koktebel. Seryozha finishes high school Publication From Two Books and Magic Lantern (dedicated to Sergey Efron) under their own "Ole Lukoe " label September, father Ivan Tsvetaev dies, Sister Asya divorced Poems to the dying Pyotr Efron (P.E.)
1914-16	Affair with Sofia Parnok Koktebel and Moscow
1916	Sojourn in St Petersburg, “affair” with Mandelstam Mileposts I Collection including poems to Akhmatova, Blok and Mandelstam
1917	Seryosha is drafted into the army (Nizhnyi Novgorod) Revolution in St, Petersburg, Nicholas II abdicates Birth of Marina's daughter Irina Bolsheviks size power in Petrograd Seryozha involved in Moscow street fighting, escapes to the Crimea
1918	Sergey Efron enrolls in White Army Marina travels to Tambovsk to find food, works in Information Department of People's Commissarionat for the Affairs of Nationalities (1918-21) Infatuation with the actor Yuri Zavadsky at Evgeny Vanganov's Studio
1919	Romantic Dramas Knave of Hearts , Snowstorm, Adventure, Fortune, Stone Angel, and Phoenix for Yuri Zavadsky (published 1974-1976)
1920	Children sent to Kuntsevo, Alya ill with malaria Daughter Irina dies of starvation in an orphenage in Kuntsevo Contemporary Notes (published Paris), Poems Camp of Swans (1957)
1921	Marina learns from Erenburg that Seryozha is alive in Constantinople. Gumilev executed, Blok dies disillusioned Publication of Mileposts (1917-20) in Moscow
1922	May 11, Marina and Alya leave Russia for Berlin Friendship with Bely and correspondence with Pasternak. June, Seryozha joins them in Berlin. Publications in Moscow: End of Casanova, Mileposts I and II, The Tsar Maidens Publications in Berlin: Separation, Poems to Blok, Psyche, Craft August 1, move to Prague, where they obtain state support and Seryozha studies. Marina works for journal Will of Russia,
1923	Large Poema: Poem of the Mountain “Affair” with Konstantin Rodzevich
1924	Poem to the End, The Swain, Edits an anthology for the journal The Ark
1925	Birth of son Georgy (Mur) Efron November 1 move to Paris, lyrical satire The Rat-Catcher
1926	February 6, first poetry reading in Paris Correspondence with Pasternak and Rilke, Rilke dies Efron involved with pro-Soviet emigrant group Eurasians
1927	Move to Meudon, Poems to Rilke: Your Death, Poem of the Air
1928	Intense family debate on a return to Russia. Summer with the Eurasians in Pontaillac. Efron becomes editor of their journal Eurasia Marina meets Mayakovsky on visit to Paris, Publication of last book by Tsvetaeva: After Russia
1929	Friendship with Natalia Gonchorova Split in Eurasian movement, Eurasia Journal folds, Efron sick and unemployed
1930	Mayakovsky commits suicide. Family lives in the Meudon area of Paris
1931	Tsvetaeva writes History of a Dedication, Poems to Pushkin (pub. 1937) Efron grows increasingly enamored with the Soviet Union
1932	Move to Clamart, Essays: The Poet and Time, Art in the Light of Conscience Maksimilian Voloshin dies in Koktebel Poem cycles: Ici-Haut, In Memory of Voloshin, Poems to a Son, Nostalgia for the Motherland Efron becomes a foreign operative of the NKVD,
1933	Efron unsuccessfully applies for a Soviet Passport
1934	Move to Vanves. Andrey Bely dies Efron begins work for Union for the Return to the Motherland, controlled by the NKVD
1935	Everyone except Marina wants to return to the Soviet Union
1936	August in Haut Savoie where Sergey is in a sanatorium. Family quarrels on returning to USSR. Alya works for pro-Soviet Journal Our Union Spanish Civil War 1936-39 Poem cycle Poems to an Orphan
1937	Completion of My Pushkin (prose work), Marina works for journal Russian Notes March 15, Alya leaves for the USSR Alya informs Marina of Sofia Gollidey's death: Story of Sonechka September 4, Soviet double-agent Ignaty Reyss murdered. French police implicates Efron. The NKVD spirits him to the USSR. Sept/October Marina is interrogated by French police and let go
1938	Tsvetaeva moves to Paris, prepares to return to the USSR Entrusts her archives to Margarita Lebedva (lost 1940-42) and Prof. E. Maler in Basle Hitler's Munich Agreement
1939	Hitler invades Czechoslovakia: Poems to Bohemia June 12, Tsvetaeva and Mur leave Le Havre to follow Sergey and Alya to the USSR Family lives in a NKVD dacha in Bolshevo near Moscow August 28, Alya, October 10, Efron arrested on orders of Beria Tsvetaeva and Mur move to Golitsyno near Moscow
1940	Tsveateva petitions Beria on behalf of Sergey and Alya in vain spends long hours in prison queues Translates poems by Vazha Pshavela (published 1947) Moves to various rooms in Moscow, given temporary apartment in October Volume of her poems rejected by Soviet publishing house
1941	Tsvetaeva's only meeting with Anna (Andreeva Gorenko) Akhmatova Hitler invades the USSR August 17, Marina and Mur evacuated to Elaburga on river Kama August 31, Marina Tsvetaeva hangs herself in Elaburga. Sergey Efron was executed in 1941, the exact date is unknown to me. Georgy-Mur Efron fell 1944 at the front. Ariadne Efron - after 15 years in the Gulag - was released and rehabilitated in 1955. She found a home and is buried in Tarusa. Asya-Anastasia became 99 years old, she died 1993