CHINA

CENTRAL ASIA, NEAR EAST

EUROPE, MEDITERRANEAN

1.8 Mio Earliest Eurasian man,Georgia, Caucasus

~20 000 (?) Peking Man

20 000 Cromagnon

6000-2000 Neolithic

8000-6000 Mesolithic,early agriculture

6000-2000 Proto-European cultures

5200-4500 Hemdu Culture

6000 Jericho and Tyre settled

4000 begin of Indoeuropean migrations

5000-3000 Yangshao Culture

6000-3000 Catal Huyuk Cultures

3000-2000 Cycladic-Minoan civilization

4800-4200 Qingliangang Culture

3500 Sumerian pictographs

4500-3500 Dawenkou Culture

3000-1800 Indus Valley Culture

2500-2000 Longshan Culture, Chinese Script

3000 Earliest kuneiform

2100-1600 Erlitou Culture

3000-2500 Proto-Dynastic Sumer

2100-1600 XIA 夏

2500-2350 1.Sumerian dynasty, U

2000 Linear A script

2000-1000 Indo-European graves in Loulan (Turfan Depression)

2350-2150 Akkadian dynasty, Sumer

2000-1200 Mycenean culture

2150-2000 3.Dynasty of Ur,Neo-Sum.Per

2000-1450 Middle Minoan period

2000-1500 Aryan Invasion of India

2000-1000 peak of Indoeurop. migrations

1600-1100 SHANG 商

2000-1600 1.Dynasty of Babylon

1700 First eruption of Thira

1400 Erligang-Zhengzhou Period

1728-1686 Hammurabi

1450 Second eruption of Thira

1300-1100 Yinxu Culture

1640-1380 Old Hittite empir.Asia Minor

1450-1100 Late (Mycenean) Minoan Period

1300-l030 Anyang Period

1380-1200 New Hittite empire

1400-900 Myceneans settle in Crete

1260 King Wu Ding

1375-1047 Middle Assyrian Empire

1400 Linear B script

1260-1200 Fu Hao, Royal consort, lady general

1200 Gilgamesh epos

1200 Troyan war

1200 Fu Hao's tomb in Anyang

1200-700 giant, blond people live in Lop Nor(Xinjiang) speak western European Tokharian?

1200-900 Dorian Invasions

13.cent.Highly stylized bronze vessels,animals,eyes,abstract

900 Hebrew alphabet

1100-700 Geometric style

10.cent.Chin.characters fully developed,vessels w.flat design -

900-612 New Assyrian empire

900 Greek alphabet derived from Hebrew

1100-771 WESTERN ZHOU 西周

800 Homer

835-714 Empire of Urartu(Armenia)

800 Etruscans move into Italy

770-476 SPRING AND AUTUMN 春秋

800-700 Phrygian empire (Asia Minor)

750-650 Orientalizing style

9.cent.Animal motiv.on bronze vessels

800-600 Upanishads

750 Greeks settle in Italy, found Rome

Oldest part of Yi Jing (?)

750 Earliest Animal Style,High Altai

776 First recorded Olympic Games

770-256 EASTERN ZHOU 东周

700-480 Archaic style

770-481 Chun qiu Period

680-546 Lydian empire (Asia Minor)

700-550 Sparta's hegemony in Greece

7.cent.Copper inlays in bronze vessels appear

650 Skythians settle in Pontus

630-553 Zaroaster

625-585 Median empire (Iran)

624-545 Thales of Milet, nat.-mat.philos.

625-562 Neo-Babylonian Kings(Chaldeans)

600 Doric style, Old Acropolis Athens

600 Flowering of animal style

604-562 Nebukadnezzar II

600 Begin of Archaic Greek sculpture

600 Laozi founds Dao jia

550 Royal Skyth.Kurgans,S.Russia

544-483 Heraklitos, philosopher

540-568 Vardhamana,found. of Jainism

534 Begin of Greek theater, Thespis

550-479 Kong Fuzi (Confucius

550-480 Buddha Gautama

525-459 Themistokles, statesman

525-456 Aeschilos, dramatist

481-221 WARRING STATES 战国

538-331 Persian Empire

509 First democrat.constit. Athens

480-420 Mozi found. Moist School

500-429 Perikles,statesman

350-270 Zhuangzi,Taoist

496-406 Sophokles, dramatist

490 Marathon,Athenians defeat Persians

484-406 Euripides, dramatist

450-407 Reconst. of Acropolis,Athens

470-399 Sokrates, philosoper

460-395 Thukydides, historian

427-346 Platon, philosopher

4.cent. Height of inlaid bronzes

400-330 Praxitiles, sculptor

384-322 Aristoteles, philosopher

3.cent. End of bronze period

350-300 Pazyryk kurgans, High Altai

356-323 Alexander the Great

372-289 Meng zi (Menzius)

328 Alexander the Great in Samarkand Baktria and India

331-324 Alexander's march to India

343-227 Qu Yuan, first poet

323 Alexander dies in Babylon

320 Begin of Roman expansion

380-234 Han Fei philos.-Legalist

321-280 Seleukos Nikator(Seleukids), king of Babylon,Syria, Persia

322-185 Maurya Dynasty, N. India

305 Seleukos attacks Maurya, M.pay trib.

256-209 King Shi Huang Ti

272-231 Ashoka, Maurya king, Buddhist

250 Arsakes founder of Parthian Empire

250-245 Diodotos,king of Baktria

242 3.Buddhist Council in Paliputra, missions to Ceylon Ghandara,Ceylon

221-206 QIN 秦

230-200 Euthydemos of Magnesia usurps Baktrian throne, invades India

220 Qinshi Huang di,first emperor unifies China, Changan

220 Rome controls Italy

210 Tomb in Lintong,terracotta army

218-201 Punic wars against Carthage Hannibal before Rome

206-8 A.D. WESTERN HAN 西汉

206-195 Emperor Liu Bang

200 Vase painting, brush introd.

200-180 Demitrios,King of Baktria

200-168 Macedonian wars, Rome controls Greece

200 Height filigran inlay bronzes

180-147 Emperor Wen Ti

156-136 Heliokles, last Bakt.king

149-146 3.Punic war,Carthage destroyed

138-126 Chang Kian emiss.Yuen-Ji, 1.contact w.Hellenist.culture

145 Menander,king of Sangala and Punjab, conv.to Buddhism

150 Earliest frescoes in Ajanta

125 First schools for nobles

139 Mithridates the Parthian destroys Greek Baktria

122 Han Emperor def.Hiong-nu(Huns)

126 Indo-Skythians (Yue-chi,Saken) occupy Baktria

102 Han conquer Fergana

111 Dunhuang prefecture estab.

100 Chinese ships in India

100 Sanchi built

100 1.History of China(Shi Chi)

100 End of High Altai Cultures

88-64 Roman Wars against Mithridates

74-49 Emperor Xuan Ti

100-100 AD Greco-Sino-Buddh.graves at Tillya Tepe,Shibargan,Afghanistan

64 Rom occupies Pontus, Cilicia, Syria, Armenia, Colkhis Roman Provinces (Pompeius)

40 Extensive trade with Rom.Empire

45 Khotcho-Turfan founded

59-44 Julius Ceasar Roman Consul

36 Han army conf.Romans in Cent.Asia

45 Extensive trade Rome-China

33-7 A.D. Emperor Zheng Ti

58-51 Ceasar conquers Gaul

30 Water wheel, wheel barrow known, Flowering of astronomy, calender, Confucian civ.serv.class estab.

30 Indo-Skythians in Kabul

48 Ceasar burns Alexandria (library)

3 A.D.-23 Xin(Wang Mang) Reformer

27-14 AD Augustus first Rom.Imperator

3 BC - 30 AD Christ

4-16 Tiberius in Germania

25-220 EASTERN HAN 东汉

30 AD Patriarch Gandophares, begin of Ghandaran Buddhist art

25 -57 Emperor Kuang Wu Ti

30-320 Kushan Empire, NW India

45-64 Paulus, the apostel

57-75 Emperor Ming Ti

67 Ming Ti receives Buddh.missionaries, Begin of Buddhism in China

73 Ban Qiao conquers Central Asia

93 Ban Qiao in Transoxania

98-117 Trajan conquers Mesopotamia, Assyria,largest extent of Rom.Emp

80 Wang Chong, rational empiricist

100 4.Buddh. Council, Jalandhara, Kashmir

100 Knowledge of Seria in Rome

80 Ban Ku, history of Han dyansty

102 Chinese milit.outpost Caspian

105 Paper invented

125 Kanishka,Kushan,controls NW India, Khotan, Yarkand, Kashgar

117-138 Hadrian builds walls

156-167 Emperor Huan Ti

125 Buddhist.temple in Tumchuk

166 Roman envoy at Han court

150-200 Nagarjuna, Mahayana

161-180 Mark Aurel,emperor, philospher

189-220 Emperor Xien Ti

170 Stupa of Aramvati

220 Peasant revolts end Han dynasty

216-277 Mani, found.Manichean Religion

220-230 THREE KINGDOMS　三国

226-641 Sassanid Empire

220-265 WEI 魏

241-243 Mani in India

221-263 SHU HAN 蜀汉

260 Shapur I, Sassanid defeats Romans

264 Peak of Kindom of Palmyra

222 -280 WU 吴

273 Fall of Palmyra

251 First iron suspension bridge

292-346 Pachomius,founds first Christ. monasteries in Egypt

284-305 Diocletian,emperor

273 Landreforms

300 St.Antonius, hermit

313 Tolerance Edict of Milan

280-317 WESTERN JIN 西晋

319 Chandragupta,found.Gupta dynasty

320-600 Gupta Empire in N. India

317-420 EASTERN JIN 东晋

325 Council of Nicea, Christ=God

324-337 Constantin the Great Byzant. Emp.

321-379 Wang Xi-chi, calligrapher

334 Christ. bishop in Merv

330 Constantin refounds Constantinople

348 Indian orchestra in NW China

344-413 Kumarajiva (Kuchean-Indian) first transl.Buddh.texts Chinese

345-420 Hieronymus: Vulgata

366 Begin of Dunhuang

375-414 Chandragupta II

354-430 Augustinus

384-414 Seng-chao found.Three Treatise School

400 Peak of Ajanta

370 Basileios the Great,Metropol. of Cappadocia formul.monast.rules

399-414 Fa Xian trav. to India Serindia,Ceylon for Buddh.texts

375 Huns invade East. Europe Begin of Great Migrations

375 Ku Kai-chi, first painter

379-395 Theodosios I, Emperor East Rome

400 Ching-tu (Pure Land) Sect appears in China

386-534 NORTHERN WEI, 北魏 (Turk.- Mong.Dyn.)

391 Constantin: Christianity state religion

420-479 SOUTHERN SONG 南宋

430 Hephtalites(White Huns) in Ghandara

395 East-West division of Roman Empire

439 Dunhuang under N.Wei rule

401-410 Visigoths in Italy

430 Council Ephesos:suppr.Nestorians

429-534 Vandals found empire N.Africa

460 Yun-kang caves

460 Maitreya temple in Khotcho

440-461 Pope Leo I.

467 Earliest pres.paint.Dunhuang

469 Yuan-Yuan(Awars) occupy Turfan

441-453 Attila, Khan of Huns(Hungary)

472 Simha, Buddh. Patriarch Ghandara

51 Council Chalkedon: suppresses Monophysits

476 Last W.Roman Emperor

479-502 SOUTHERN QI 南齐

480-543 Benedict of Nursia, founder West. monastic rules: Benedictine Order

5.cent.equine collar harness invented

480-553 Ostrogoths found empire N.Italy

500 Xian Ho, portrait painter,

Chong Hong, literary critic

500 Nestorians driven from Edessa, flee east

493-526 Theodoric the Great, Goth.king

501-531 Xia Tong,anthol.ogy of poetry

520 Nestorians convert Mongol nobles

502-549 Emper.Wu Ti,(Buddh.emp.)

502-557 SOUTHERN LIANG 南梁

518-522 Song Yun, Buddh.monk visits Ghandara

507-508 Xu Ling, erotic poetry

522 Oldest surv.Chin. pagoda

527-565 Justinian, E. Roman Emperor

530-600 Mosaics in Ravenna

529 Monte Cassino, founded by Benedict

534-550 EASTERN WEI 东魏

535-556 WESTERN WEI 西魏

538-597 Chi-i found.of Tien-tai Heav. Mountain School (Jap.:Tendai) based on Lotus Sutra

547 Edict against Buddhists, Manicheans, and Nestorians

560 Tien-tai + Jeng-yen (Tantric True Word) Sects founded

568-774 Langobardic empire

557-581 NORTHERN ZHOU 北周

547 Persecut.of Buddh.in cent.China

557-589 SOUTHERN CHEN 南陈

570-632 Mohammed, found. Islam

622 Hedshra

581-618 SUI 隋

590-604 Pope Gregor the Great

581 Dunhuang under Sui rule

581 Restorat.of Dunhuang,Longmen, Maiji Shan, expans.Changan

596-664 Xuan-tsang found.Consciousness- Only School(Yogacara):Ch'engwei-shih lun

600 Woodblock printing invented

601-674 Hun-jen teach.radical Chinese Ch'an Jia (Zen)(640)

605-706 Shen-hsiu teach.Chan in Northern China, pupil of Hun-jen

604 Louyang, eastern capital

605-664 Grand Canal constructed

618-907 TANG 唐

618-705 EARLY TANG 唐

618 Emperor Tai Zong

620-649 Srong-btsan sgam-po king of Tibet

629-645 Huang-zhang, Buddh.monk, travels to Nalanda

641 Tibetan king marries Chin.princess Wen Cheng First appearance of Buddh. in Tibet

632-634 Abu Bekr, first Islam.Kaliph

638-713 Hui-neng Chan teach.S.China

634-644 Kaliph Omar . Islam conquers:

640 Hun-jen found. Chan (Zen)

635 Damaskus

638 Jerusalem

642 Persia and Alexandria

643-712 Fa-tsang found.Hua-yen "One-and-All" School based on Flowery Splendor-Avamtasaka Sutra (Fa-tsang was Soghdian!)

649-684 Emperor Kao Zong

650 Height of Buddhism in China

657 Tang armies defeat Turks

661 Ali, Mohammed's grandson murdered

670-79 First Tibetan Empire in E.ast Turkestan

661-750 Omaijid d nasty

666-692 Tibetans conquer Khotan,

Kashgar, Kucha, Karashar

670-762 Shen-hui teaches sudden enlightenment,South.Chan School

7.-10.cent. Main body of Manichean documents from Turfan, Cent.Asia, Nestorians in Turfan ansd Mongolia

683-705 Empress Wu Zetian

692 Tang victory over Turfan

694 Manicheans in Changan

699-759 Wang Wei, poet

701-762 Li Bo, poet

701 Shen-hsui teach.Chan-Zen at Wu Zetian court, Chan dominates religious life in North. China

705-715 Walid I.Omaijid conquers Transoxania, Indus valley

712-907 LATE TANG 后唐

714-741 Carl MartelL, found.Carolingian dynasty

712-756 Emperor Xuan Zong

712-770 Du Fu, poet

717-843 Iconoclasm in East.ern Church

719 Manichean church in Changan

732 Moslems defeated by Carl Martell at Tours and Poitier

725 Hanlin Academy

725 Clock escapement invented

751 Langobards conquer Ravenna,end of Byzantian .presence in Italy

730 Islam,Judaism appear in China

732 Antimanichean edict

751 Moslems defeat Tang army at Talas

751 Nanchao defeat Tang army

740 Khazars(600-1100) adopt Jewish faith

8.cent. Gun powder invented

744-840 Uighur (Turk.) Kingdom Turfan

751-768 Pippin, king of Carol.Empire

751-790 Wu Kong trav.to Ghandara, Kashmir, converts to Buddhism

750-1258 Abbasid Dynasty

755 Yang Kuei-fei,concubine of Xuang Zhong killed

754-775 Al Mansur

755-757 An Lushan, revolt

8.cent.Turks push into Cent.Asia

763 Tibetans raid Chang-an

763 Order restored with help of Uighurs and Arabs(?)

762-840 Manicheism state religion of upper classes in Turfan, lower classes: Buddhists + Nestorians

768-814 Charlemagne

775 Foundation of Samye, 1.Tibet.monastery

779 Buddhism state religion in Tibet

781-786 Revolts in NE China

781-848 2.Tibetan Empire in E. Turkestan Tibetans occupy Dunhuang

781 Nestorian stele in Changan

786-809 Harun al-Rashid, Abbas.Sultan

792-794 Buddhist debate at Samye: Chinese monks expulsed from Tibet

800-1250 Bubaneshvar(Orissa)

800 Charlemagne crowned emperor of "Holy Roman Empire of German Nation"

838-847 Ennin,Jap.monk in China

822 Sino-Tibetan treaty guarant.Tib.Empire

814 Charlemagne dies

843-844 Massive persecution of Buddhists, Nestorians,and Manicheans

838-842 Langdarma King of Tibet restores Bon persecutes Buddhists

843 Carolingian Empire divided

842 Langdarma murdered, desint.Tibet .Empire

850 Foundation of Guge (Tsaparang)

886 Diamond Sutra,first printed work, Chan text (Dunhuang)

870-1100 2nd .Introduct.of Buddh.in Tibet from W.Tibet Guge and Ladakh

9.cent.Jewish Radhanites, merchants travel .between .China and Provence

9.cent South.Chan school (sudden enlightenment) dominates Chinese Buddhism

907-947 Khitan in Central Asia

907-960 FIVE DYNASTIES 五代

925 Head Manicheans moves to Samarkand

937-987 Emperor Li-Yu founds Nanjing Academy

939-1020 Firdausi,Pers.poet:Shah Nameh

936-974 Otto I. the Great,Germ.Emperor

915-1125 LIAO (Kara Khitai) 辽

960-1135 Khajuraho: highly erotic Hindu architect.India (relat.Bengali Tantra)

963-969 Nikephoros Phokas,Byzant.emper

10.cent. Windmills in Helmand, China

960-1127 NORTHERN SONG 北宋

999-1030 Mahmud Ghaznavi, 1.Turkish Sultan

964 Athanasios founds Megh.Lavra,Athos

947-976 Emperor Tai Zu

969-976 John I,Tsimiskes,Byzant.emperor

967-1044 Yen Wen-kuei,landscape painter

999-1186 Ghaznawid dynasty

970 Athonite constitution granted by John I Tsimiskes

965-l065 Lin Pu, poet

976-997 Emperor Tai Zhong

974-983 Otto II,Germ.emperor marries Byzantine Princess Theophano

977-983 Great Encyclopedia

1007-1106 Ou Yang-xi,historian

1000-1398 Moslem Sultanate N.India

1007-1123 Omar Khajam,Pers.poet,

1009-1086 Sema Kuang,agrar.reforms end feudalism

1012-1096 Marpa founder of Kargyugpa school, Tibetan "Red Hats

1022-1064 Emperor Jen Zong

1040 Ind.Buddh.Atisha teaches in Guge

1021-1086 Wan An-xi,poet, humanist

1040-1123 Milarepa, Tibetan poet

1036-1072 Su Tongbo,poet,painter

1042-1045 Atisha mission W. +Cent. Tibet

1038 Xi-Xia(Tangut) conquer Northern China

1059-1111 Al Ghazali

1044 Peace: Xi-Xia control N.W. China incl.Dunhuang Song pushed South

1049-1106 Long-mian,free brush style

1054 Great Schism betw. E. and W. Church

1050-ll25 Han Jo-cho,painter

1063 Yuan Wu, commentary to Chan Buddhism

1056-1106 Henry IV,Germ.Emperor

1067-1085 Emperor Shen Zong

1073 Sakya, Tib.monastery founded

1082-1135 Hui-Zong,Emperor painter, collector

1076 Buddh.synod at Tabo in W.Tibet

1081-1185 Comnenes Byzant.emperors

1100 Printing press,movable type

1096-1099 1st. Crusade (from Flanders)

1100-1125 Emperor Hui Zong

1119-1229 Ferid-ud-Din Attar, Persian poet

1120 Academy at Kaifeng founded

1120 Last Antimanichean edict Wenchu

1120-1182 Chao Po-chu,impressionist painter

1127 N.Song ends under press.from Xi-Xia, capital moved from Kai-feng to Hangzhou, Emp. Hui Zong imprisoned

1140 Yusuf Hamadani died, father of Bukhara Sufis

1129-1198 Averroes, Spanish-Jewish Neo-Aristotelian philosopher

1115-1234 NORTHERN JIN 北金

1155-1227 Djingis Khan, Mother Nestorian!

1127-1279 SOUTHERN SONG 南宋

1130-1154 Roger II,Norman king,founds Norman Empire in Sicily

1127 Academy refound.Hangzhou

1141-1212 Nisami, Persian poet

1131-1200 Qu-hi,found.mod.Chinese

1162-1206 Mohammed of Ghor destroys Ghaznawid empire

1147-1149 2nd Crusade under Konrad II

1140-1238 Liang Kai, painter

1163 Jewish synagogue in Kaifeng

1169 Ahmed Yasawi died, found Yasawida Sufi brotherhood (Bukhara)

1152-1190 Frederick I, Barbarossa, German emperor

1182-1251 Saskya Pandita,found.of Tibetan Phagspa (Sakya) Sect with heredit.leadership

1178-1180 Henry Lionhart

1189 Origin of Karmapa school,Tib.Sect

1184-1210 Saadi,poet

1189-1192 3rd.Crusade, Fred.Barbarossa

1206-1562 Sultanate of Delhi

1193-1230 Albertus Magnus, philosoph.

1182-1226 Francis of Assisis

1206-1227 Djingis,Khan of Mongol Empire

1207-1273 Jalal ad-din Rumi,poet,found. Mevlewi Sufi brotherhood (Dancing Derwishes),born Herat,died Konya

1202-1204 4the Crusade,Constantinople sacked (1203)

1212-1258 Mongols conquer Centr.Asia

1204-1261 Latin emper.Byzant.throne

1220 Abd al-Khaliq Ghudjuwani died, found of Khwajagan (Masters of Wisdom) Sufi brotherhood (Bukhara)

1210-1250 Frederick II, German Emperor

1227 Karakhoto destr.by Mongols

1216 Dominican order established

1223 Franciscan Order established

1227 Djingis dies,empir.divided among four sons

1225-1274 Thomas of Aquinas

1231-1316 Kou Chou King, scient. engineer, astronomer

1230 End of Manichean communities in Central Asia

1231 Begin of Inquisition(Dominicans)

1245 John Carpini,Papal emiss.to Khan

1230 University of Bologna

1247 Saskya Tibet.hierarch treaty with Mongol prince Godan in Lanzhou

1251-1265 Huelaegue conquers Persia founds dynasty of Il-Khans(1336)

1256 Augustinian Order established

1259 Arif Riwgarawi died, 2.Kwajagan Sufi

1260 Chan painters: Mu Xi

1260-1294 Khublai, Khan of Mongols

1271-1292 Niccolo+Marco Polo in Karakhoram + Peking

1269-1271 Niccolo and Maffeo Polo at Khan's court in Karakhoram

1258-1282 Mikhael Palaiologos ends Latin emperors on Byzant.throne

1272 Mahmud Faghnawi died, 3.Kwajagan Sufi

1259 Mistra new center of Byz. power

13.cent. End of Buddhism in India

1260 Turks appear in Asia Minor

1271-1368 YUAN (Mongols) 元

1260 Phagspa of Saskya arr.treaty with Khublai Khan: Phagspa teachers of Khublai

1265-1321 Dante Aligheri, poet

1281-1326 Osman I founds Osman empire

1266-1337 Giotto

1279-1294 Khublai Khan Chin.emp. moves capital to Beijing, converts to Buddhism

1290-1364 Buston Tibetan scholar systematicises. Tibetan Buddhist canon, scriptures

1273 Rudolph of Habsburg elected German Emperor

13. Cent. Trade on Silk Roads at peak

1300 West Cent.Asian Mongols conv. to Islam

1294 Khublai dies,empire desinteg.

1301-1918 Osman Empire

1304-1377 Ibn Battuta,Arab.explorer in Central Asia, China, Africa

1304-1374 Francesco Petrarca, poet

1300 Begin of Chinese novels

1300 Islam appears in Cent. Asia

1313-1395 Giovanni Boccacio, poet

1307 Montecorvino, 1st christ..Archbishop in Beijing

1320-1389 Hafis, Pers. poet

1320 Emperor Canal ext.to Beijing

1326 Osmani conquer Bursa

1328-1330 Odorico de Pordonnone trav. India, Sunda, China, Tibet

1321 Azizan Ali Ramitani died, 4.Kwajagan Sufi (Bukhara

1333-1370 Toghan Temur, Chin.emperor

1334 Safi ad-din Ardabili died, found. Safawiyya Sufi brotherhood

1331 University of Florence

1336 Peasant revolt under Buddh. monk Zhu Yan-zhang ends Yuan dynasty, Zhu as emperor Hong Wu founds Ming dynasty

1335 Hadji Bektash died, found. Bektashiyya Sufi brotherhood

1338 University of Pisa

1336-1404 Timur Tamerlane, Uzbek, founds moslem Empire in Samarkand

1350 Saskya hegemony in Tibet ends

1350 Begin of classical porcelaine

1357-1419 Tsongkhapa reformer of Tibetan Buddhism founds Gelugspa:"Yellow Hats"

1340 Fall of Gallipoli to Ottomans

1354 Muhammad Baba Samasi died, 5.Khwajagan Sufi (Bukhara)

1348 University of Prague

1354-1382 Matthaios Palaiologos,Mistra

14.cent. Important Yuan painters: Wang Men,Ni Zen,Wu Zhen,Huang Kun-wang

1371 Sayyid Amir Kulali died, 6.Khwajagan Sufi (Bukhara)

13.cent.Black Death(plague,pocks from China, 25 000 000 dead in Europe

1318-1389 Baha ad-din Nashqbandi founds Naqshbandiyya Sufi brotherhood,also 7. Khwajagan Sufi

1377-1446 Filippo Bruneleschi,architect. painter,sculptor

1368-1662 MING DYNASTY 明

1380 Timur conquers Cent.Asia,India, Iran, Georgia, Russia, Egypt, Bagdad

1370-1426 Hubert van Eyck, painter

1368-1403 Emperor Hong Wu

1382 Timur destroys Moscow

1373-1455 Lorenzo Ghiberti, sculptor

1398 Timur in Dehli, destroyes Moslem Sultanate in N.India

1386-1466 Donatello, sculptor

1391 Ganden 1.Tib. Gelugspa monastery Tsongkhapa, Gyalba 1st Rinpoche(incarnation of Avalokiteshvara)

1386-1455 Fra Angelico, paint.-monk

1390-1441 Jan van Eyck, invents oil painting

14.cent Confucianism gradually .replaces Buddhism as official religion

1397 Umar al-Khalwati died, founder Khalwatiyya Sufi brotherhood

1397-1468 Johannes Gansfleisch (Gutenberg,) invents variable types

1400-1464 Roger van der Weyden

1400 Ala ad-din Attar died, Naqshbandi

1401-1528 Massacio, painter

1400 Osmani control Asia Minor,Greece, Balkan, Mesopotamia

1412 Bruneleschi:"Rules of Perspective"

1403-1424 Emperor Zheng Xu(Yung-lo)

1405 Chinese conquer Ceylon

1405 Timur dies in Samarkand, empire desintegrates

1414 Trashilhunpo Tibet.Gelugspa monast.

1425-1436 Emperor Xuang Ti

1419 Sera Tibet. monastery founded

1430 Revival of Song art at Ming court

1430 Hajji Bairam died, found. Bairamiyya Sufi brotherhood

1444-1514 Bramante. architect

1455 Saad ad-din Kashgari died, Naqshbandi Sufi (Kashgar)

1450-1516 Hieronimus Bosch, painter

1451-1481 Sultan Mohammed I, TheConquerer.

1451-1506 Columbus

1470-1543 Dayan Khan ruler Tﾁmet Mongols

1452-1519 Leonardo da Vinci, painter

1492 Abd ar-Rahman Jami died,Naqsh bandi Sufi -

1453 Fall of Constantinople to Osmani, End of Byzantine Empire

1467-1536 Erasmus of Rotterdam

1469-1564 Michelangelo Buonarotti

1483-1546 Martin Luther,Germ.Reformer

1483-1531 Zwingli, Swiss Reformer

1492 Columbus reaches America

1498 Vasco da Gama disc. sea route to India and China(Cape Horn)

1543-1583 Altan Khan ruler of Mongols

1578 3rd.Gyalba Rimpoche of Ganden made First Dalai Lama by Altan Khan

1662-1911 QING DYNASTY (Manchu) 清

1912- 1949 REPUBLIC 中华民国

1949- PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

中华人民共和国

For an exhaustive History of TIBET in French see “Chronologie de Tibet”