Wassily Kandinsky

1866 - 1944

Biography

 

1866 Wassily Kandinsky was born on December 4th in Moscow. For unknown reasons Kandinsky celebrated his birthday on December 5th, until 1916. His father was a tea merchant from Siberia; his mother, Lydia Ticheeva, was a Muscovite.

1869 The child was taken to Italy by his parents.

1871 The family moved to Odessa. The parents were divorced. Kandinsky's aunt, Elisabeth Ticheeva, saw to his education. He felt indebted to her all his life, attributing to her influence his love of music and fairy tales. His book On the Spiritual in Art (Munich, 1912) was dedicated to her

1876 Kandinsky attended a high school in Odessa which provided a classical education; he learned to play the piano and the violoncello. Once a year, until 1885, he went to Moscow with his father, and also traveled to the Crimea and the Caucasus during that period.

1886 He began studying economics with Professor Aleksandr Ivanovic Cuprov, and Roman and Russian law with Professor Aleksandr Nikitic Filippov at the University of Moscow.

1889 May 28th-July 30th: K. made an expedition to the Vologda region, and, as a result, published a report on some pagan relics in the religion of the East Finnish tribe of the Syrjaenen. Publication of an essay on "The Penalties in the Verdicts of Peasants Courts in the Province of Moscow." K. visited the Hermitage in St. Petersburg. Trip to Paris?

1892 Graduation. Married his cousin Anja Chimiakina. Second trip to Paris?

1893 Dissertation "On the Legality of Laborers' Wages." Attache at the Faculty of Law, University of Moscow.

1895 Artistic director of the Kusverev printing plant in Moscow.

1896 K. visited an exhibition of French paintings (which included one of Monet's Haystacks] in Moscow. He declined the appointment as professor at the University of Dorpat, moved to Munich to study painting. He lived, until September 30th, 1904, at No. 1, Friedrichstrasse.

1897 Studied at the private art school of Anton Azbe for two years, where he met his compatriots Marianne von Werefkin and Alexej Jawlensky.

1899 Private studies.

1900 Studied in the class of Franz von Stuck at the Academy in Munich. n Co-founder of the artists' association Phalanx, of which he became president the following year. Organized 11 exhibitions until May

1901 Taught at the Phalanx art school. l First tempera paintings and small landscapes. l First trip to Rothenburg-ob-der-Tauber. l Journey to Odessa.

1902 Met Gabriele Münter, a student in his class at the Phalanx art school. l January-March: participated in the second Phalanx exhibition. Took his painting class to Kochel for the summer. Exhibited for the first time with the Secession in Berlin; continued to do so almost annually until 1911. First woodcuts.

1903 April 14th-16th: in Vienna. Took his painting class to Kallmünz for the summer. l Phalanx art school closed. l September 5th: via Venice and Vienna to Odessa (September 14th-0ctober 17th). l October 18th-29th: in Moscow. Publication of Poetry Without Words in Moscow. l November 5th: visited Rothenburg ob der Tauber.

1904 Phalanx association dissolved. l May llth-June 21st: traveled to Holland via Krefeld, Düsseldorf, Cologne, Bonn. l September: separated from his wife. l October 19th: via Berlin to Odessa (October 22nd- November llth). Exhibited regularly, until 1910, at the Salon d'Automne in Paris. l November 27th-December 2nd: in Paris. l December 6th: traveled to Tunisia via Strasbourg, Basel, Lyons, Marseilles. l December 25th until April 5th, 1905: sojourn in and around Tunis.

1905 April 6th: from Tunis to Munich via Palermo, Naples, Florence, Bologna, Verona. l April 16th-20th: in Innsbruck and Igls. l May 15th-20th: in Starnberg. l Exhibited at the Salon des Independants in Paris. l May 21st-23rd: in Dresden. l May 24th-31st: bicycle tour in Saxony. l June Ist-August 15th: in Dresden. Member of Deutscher Kunstlerbund. l August 17th-September 28th: in Munich and vicinity. l September 29th: via Vienna, Budapest, Lemberg, to Odessa (October lOth-November 10th). l November 13th-25th: in Cologne, Diisseldorf, Bonn, Liege, Brussels. l December 9th-22nd: via Milan, Genoa, Sestri Levante, Moneglia, Santa Margherita, Monte Telegrafo to Rapallo. l December 23rd until April 30th, 1906: lived at No. 24, Via Montebello in Rapallo.

1906 May 1st-21st: to Paris via Genoa, Milan, Como, Bellagio, Lugano, Lucerne, Basel.l May 22nd-June 27th: lived at No. 12, Rue des Ursulines in Paris. Member of the Union Internationale des Beaux-Arts et des Lettres. l June 28th until June 9th, 1907: lived at No. 4, Petite Rue des Binelles, Sevres.

1907 Worked on woodcuts, small landscapes, and large tempera paintings with Russian themes.l June 10th-13th: in Munich.l June 16th-July 23rd: in Bad Reichenhall.l July 30th-August 19th: traveled in Switzerland. l September 4th until April 26th, 1908 in Berlin.

1908 May: went hiking in South Tyrol. l May 6th-29th in Lana. l June 8th back in Munich. l June 17th-20th: Starnberger See and Staffelsee. l July 24th-August 8th in Salzburg, Attersee, Wolfgangsee, Schafberg, Mondsee. l August 15th (or thereabouts)-September 30th first stay in Murnau at the Griesbrau Inn. l September 4th moved to No. 36, Ainmillerstrasse in Munich. l December 10th-15th: in Urfeld and Walchensee.

1909 January: founding of the Neue Künstler Vereinigung München; Kandinsky elected president. l February 20th-March 8th: in Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Mittenwald, Kochel (from February 22nd-March 8th). l Gabriele Münter bought a house in Murnau where she and Kandinsky spent many weeks during the summer and some days during the winter until the outbreak of World War I on August 1st, 1914. The house is still known as "Russenvilla." l May 22nd-27th, June 20th-September 20th, October 5th—9th: sojourns in Murnau. Publication of Xylographies, Editions Tendances Nouvelles, Paris. l December lst-15th: first exhibition of the NKVM at Galerie Thannhauser in Munich.

 

1910 Publication of Franz Marc's panegyrical pamphlet about the exhibition of the NKVM at Galerie Thannhauser. l February 22nd-March 25th, April 12th-15th, July 1st- August 17th: sojourns in Murnau. l Exhibited with the Sonderbund in Diisseldorf. l September 1st-14th: second exhibition of the NKVM at Galerie Thannhauser. Marc and August Macke met Kandinsky at Thannhauser's. l September lOth-llth, September 30th-0ctober 10th in Murnau. l October 10th-13th in Weimar and Berlin. l October 14th-November 29th in Moscow (October 20th-31st in St. Petersburg). l December: Second Salon Isdebsky, in Odessa, included 52 works by Kandinsky. l December 1st-20th in Odessa. l December 22nd in Munich.

1911 January 20th-28th in Murnau. l February 5th Marc became a member of the NKVM. l May 17th-19th Kandinsky visited Marc in Sindelsdorf. l May 23rd-June 13th, June 20th-August 21st in Murnau l June 26th-30th, in Munich. l October 12th-15th in Sindelsdorf, visiting Franz and Maria Marc. Founded Der Blaue Reiter (The Blue Rider) with Marc. Met Paul Klee. l Divorce from Anja Chimiakina legalized. l December 2nd: Kandinsky, Marc, Münter, and Kubin left the NKVM. l December 15th-January 1st: first Blue Rider exhibition at Galerie Thannhauser.

1912 January: publication of the first edition of On the Spiritual in Art in Munich. l January 17th-21st: in Nuremberg. l February 12th-March: second exhibition of The Blue Rider at Galerie Hans Goltz in Munich. l March 12th-May 10th: Blue Rider exhibition at Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin. l April: second edition of On the Spiritual in Art. l May 15th-31st: stay in Murnau. l May: publication of The Blue Rider Almanac in Munich. l June 16th-July 8th: in Murnau. l July 7th-31st: exhibited with the Moderner Bund in Zurich. l July 10: hernia operation. l August 5th-17th, September 6th-19th: in Murnau. l Autumn: third edition of On the Spiritual in Art. l October 6th: opening of Kandinsky's first one-man exhibition in Berlin, at Galerie Der Sturm; exhibition later traveled to other German cities. l October 16th-26th: in Odessa. l October 27th-December 13th: in Moscow. l December 15th-16th: in Berlin.

1913 January 13th-15th: in Murnau. l February 17th-March 15th: Armory Show in New York; later traveled to Chicago and Boston. l March 29th-April 1st, April 28th-May 9th, June 10th- 30th: in Murnau. l During the summer: visited by Arthur Jerome Eddy of Chicago who became the first major American collector of his work. l July 6th-7th: in Berlin. l July 8th-September 1st: in Moscow. l September 2nd-5th: in Berlin. September 6th: in Munich. l September 20th-December 1st: participated in the Erster Deutscher Herbstsalon at Galerie Der Sturm in Berlin. l Autumn: publication of Klänge (Sounds) in Munich. l Autumn: publication of Sturm Album (including "Rückblicke") in Berlin.

1914 January 1st: one-man show opened at Galerie Thannhauser in Munich, originally planned by Hans Goltz for the autumn of 1912. l February 4th, April 1st-3rd: in Murnau. l April 9th-20th: in Meran with his mother. l April 23rd: "On the Spiritual in Art" translated and published as "The Art of Spiritual Harmony," with an introduction by Michael T. Sadler, London and Boston. l May 5th-6th: in Murnau. Publication of the second edition of The Blue Rider Almanac. l June 3rd-August 1st: in Mumau. l July 1st: in Oberammergau and Ettal. l July 3rd: in Carmisch-Partenkirchen and Hollentalklamm. l August 1st: in Munich. Outbreak of World War I. l August 3rd: in Lindau. l August 4th: in Rorschach (Switzerland). l August 6th-November 16th: in Mariahalde near Goldach, on Lake Constance, Switzerland. l November 16th-25th: in Zurich. l November 25th-December 12th: journey across the Balkans. l December 12th-20th: in Odessa. l December 20th until April 30th, 1915: in Moscow.

1915 May 2nd-22nd: in Odessa. l May 24th-August 17th: in Moscow. l August 19th-September 7th: in Eupatoria (Crimea). l September 9th-December 3rd: in Moscow. l Kandinsky painted no paintings in this year. l December 23rd until March 16th, 1916: sojourn in Stockholm; last meeting with Gabriele Münter.

1916 Publication of the brochure Om Konstndren (About the Artist) in Stockholm. l Exhibited at Gummesons Konsthandel, Stockholm. l March 19th-20th: in St. Petersburg. l March 22nd-July 22nd: in Moscow. l July 24th-26th: in Kiev. l July 29th-August 18th: in Odessa.

1917 February llth: married Nina Andreewska. l Lived on the fourth floor of his own apartment building at No. 1, Dolgy Street, Moscow, until December 1921. l Trip to Finland.

1918 July: member of the Visual Arts Section (IZO) in the People's Commissariat for Enlightenment (NARKOMPROS), where Nina Kandinsky held a better-paying job than her husband. l Helped to organize 22 new museums in the provinces. l Autumn: appointed professor at the Free State Art Studios, Moscow. l Publication of Tekst Khudozhnika. Stupeni (Russian translation of "Rückblicke" of 1913) in Moscow.

1919 Helped to create the Institute of Artistic Culture (INKHUK) and the Museum of Pictorial Culture, Moscow.

1920 Appointed Honorary Professor at the University of Moscow. l One-man exhibition, organized by the State, held in Moscow.

1921 Summer: created the Russian Academy of Artistic Sciences in Moscow, of which he became vice-president. l December: returned to Germany, arriving in Berlin on Christmas Eve.

1922 Painted murals for the Juryfreie exhibition in Berlin. l June: moved to Weimar, where he had accepted a professorship at the Bauhaus, and where, at first, he taught the Life class. l September: vacation at Timmendorfer Strand on the Baltic Sea. l Exhibition at Gummesons Konsthandel, Stockholm. l Publication of a graphics series entitled Kleine Welten (Small Worlds] in Berlin.

1923 First one-man exhibition in New York at the Societe Anonyme, of which Kandinsky became vice-president.

1924 The Blue Four, composed of Kandinsky, Klee, Lyonel Feininger, and Jawlensky, was formed by Galka Scheyer, an artist and art dealer who promoted their work in the United States. (She bequeathed her estate to the Pasadena Museum of Art) l Formation of the Kreis der Freunde des Bauhauses (Circle of Friends of the Bauhaus), whose members included H. Berlage, Peter Behrens, Adolf Busch, Chagall, Einstein, Edwin Fischer, Gerhart Hauptmann, Kokoschka, Schönberg, and Adolf Sommerfeld.

1925 April: the Bauhaus at Weimar was ordered to close after it was attacked by a political party in Thuringia (later to become Hitler's National Socialist party). l June: due to the efforts of Dessau's mayor, Fritz Hesse, the Bauhaus was relocated there. l Summer vacation in Binz (Rügen). l A Kandinsky Society was founded by Otto Ralfs of Braunschweig, who had earlier founded a Klee Society. In addition to Ralfs, the members were the following collectors: Ida Bienert, Dresden; Richard Doetsch-Benzinger, Basel; Rudolf Ibach, Wuppertal; Heinrich Kirchhoff, Wiesbaden; Hermann Schridde, Dortmund; Heinrich Stinnes and Werner Vowinkel, Cologne.

1926 Publication of Point and Line to Plane in Munich. l Summer vacation in Bad Müritz. l Jubilee exhibitions (on the occasion of Kandinsky's sixtieth birthday), starting in Braunschweig and Dresden and traveling to many German and a few other European cities during the next two years. l Co-edited Bauhaus Zeitschrift für Gestaltung until 1931.

1927 Summer vacation in Switzerland and Austria, spending some time on Wörthersee (Austria) with Schönberg(!) and his wife.

1928 March 8th: acquired German citizenship. l With Felix Klee and Georg Hartmann, directed Pictures at an Exhibition by Mussorgsky in Dessau. Summer vacation on the French Riviera. l Second edition of Point and Line to Plane.

1929 First one-man exhibition in Paris (including watercolors and gouaches) at Galerie Zak. l Summer vacation in Belgium. Visited James Ensor in Ostend; later Kandinsky at Hendaye-Plage (Cote Basque).

1930 Exhibited at Galerie de France, Paris. Participated in an exhibition with Cercle et Carre in Paris. Summer vacation in Italy.

1931 Designed ceramics for a music room by Mies van der Rohe included in an architectural exhibition in Berlin. During the summer, went on a Mediterranean cruise. Beginning of his collaboration with Cahiers d'Art in Paris.

1932 Summer vacation in Dubrovnik. l September: the Bauhaus in Dessau closed by the Nazi government of Anhalt; temporarily relocated in Berlin. l December 10th: settled in Berlin-Südende, at No. 19, Bahnstrasse, for about one year.

1933 March: despite Kandinsky's attempts to keep the Bauhaus alive in Berlin, it was finally closed. l Summer vacation in Les Sablettes (Var) l October: in Paris to examine possibilities of residing there. December: Moved to Neuilly-sur-Seine, 135 Boulevard de la Seine (now called Boulevard du General Koenig).

1934 Exhibition at Galerie Cahiers d'Art in Paris. Summer vacation in Normandy.

1935 Summer vacation in Italy (Forte dei Marmi, Pisa, Florence).

1936 Exhibition at Galerie Jeanne Bucher in Paris.

1937 Summer vacation in Switzerland; visited Klee in Bern. l Fifty-seven of his works in German museums confiscated by the Nazis. l Participated in the International Exhibition at the Musee du Jeu de Paume in Paris.

1938 March: the first volume of the periodical XX6 Siecle appeared, containing Kandinsky's article L'Art Concret. l Summer vacation at Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat. l One-man exhibition at the Guggenheim Jeune Gallery in London.

1939 K. acquired French citizenship.

1940 Following the German invasion of France, K. spent two months in Cauterets in the Pyrenees; returned to Neuilly at the end of August.

1944 March: became ill; worked until June. l On December 13th Kandinsky died at the age of seventy-eight in Neuilly.